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Linux/Unix Command: ls - List files/directories

ls - List files/directories

CODE:

$ ls [options] [dir]

The ls command lists the directory contents, and lists information about the files/directories.

Using ls without options will simply output all the files and directories (as shown).

CODE:
$ ls 

An example with option -l:

CODE:
$ ls -l

This uses the -l (lower case L) option for long format which displays Unix file types, permissions, number of hard links, owner, group, size, date and filename (as shown below).

SSH Commands: Ls -l

Options:

-a, --all

do not hide entries starting with .

-A, --almost-all

do not list implied . and ..

--author

print the author of each file

-b, --escape

print octal escapes for nongraphic characters

--block-size=SIZE

use SIZE-byte blocks

-B, --ignore-backups

do not list implied entries ending with ~

-c

with -lt: sort by, and show, ctime (time of last modification of file status information) with -l: show ctime and sort by name otherwise: sort by ctime

-C

list entries by columns

--color[=WHEN]

control whether color is used to distinguish file types. WHEN may be `never', `always', or `auto'

-d, --directory

list directory entries instead of contents

-D, --dired

generate output designed for Emacs' dired mode

-f

do not sort, enable -aU, disable -lst

-F, --classify

append indicator (one of */=@|) to entries

--format=WORD

across -x, commas -m, horizontal -x, long -l, single-column -1, verbose -l, vertical -C

--full-time

like -l --time-style=full-iso

-g

like -l, but do not list owner

-G, --no-group

inhibit display of group information

-h, --human-readable

print sizes in human readable format (e.g., 1K 234M 2G)

--si

likewise, but use powers of 1000 not 1024

-H, --dereference-command-line

follow symbolic links on the command line

--indicator-style=WORD append indicator with style WORD to entry names:

none (default), classify (-F), file-type (-p)

-i, --inode

print index number of each file

-I, --ignore=PATTERN

do not list implied entries matching shell PATTERN

-k

like --block-size=1K

-l

use a long listing format

-L, --dereference

when showing file information for a symbolic link, show information for the file the link references rather than for the link itself

-m

fill width with a comma separated list of entries

-n, --numeric-uid-gid

like -l, but list numeric UIDs and GIDs

-N, --literal

print raw entry names (don't treat e.g. control characters specially)

-o

like -l, but do not list group information

-p, --file-type

append indicator (one of /=@|) to entries

-q, --hide-control-chars

print ? instead of non graphic characters

--show-control-chars

show non graphic characters as-is (default unless program is `ls' and output is a terminal)

-Q, --quote-name

enclose entry names in double quotes

--quoting-style=WORD

use quoting style WORD for entry names: literal, locale, shell, shell-always, c, escape

-r, --reverse

reverse order while sorting

-R, --recursive

list subdirectories recursively

-s, --size

print size of each file, in blocks

-S

sort by file size

--sort=WORD

extension -X, none -U, size -S, time -t, version -v

status -c, time -t, atime -u, access -u, use -u

--time=WORD

show time as WORD instead of modification time: atime, access, use, ctime or status; use specified time as sort key if --sort=time

--time-style=STYLE

show times using style STYLE: full-iso, long-iso, iso, locale, +FORMAT

FORMAT is interpreted like `date'; if FORMAT is FORMAT1FORMAT2, FORMAT1 applies to non-recent files and FORMAT2 to recent files; if STYLE is prefixed with `posix-', STYLE takes effect only outside the POSIX locale

-t

sort by modification time

-T, --tabsize=COLS

assume tab stops at each COLS instead of 8

-u

with -lt: sort by, and show, access time with -l: show access time and sort by name otherwise: sort by access time

-U

do not sort; list entries in directory order

-v

sort by version

-w, --width=COLS

assume screen width instead of current value